Konwersatorium im. Jerzego Pniewskiego i Leopolda Infelda
2018/2019 | 2019/2020 | 2020/2021 | 2021/2022 | 2022/2023 | 2023/2024 | 2024/2025
Informacje na temat wcześniejszych spotkań dostępne są tutaj:
2023-06-05 (Poniedziałek)
prof. Włodzisław Duch (Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń)
Current state and future prospects of artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence systems based on neural networks have led recently to the development of numerous text-to-image applications, capable of generating hyper-realistic images, videos, and music. Pre-trained transformer algorithms, such as ChatGPT and other Large Language Models with billions of parameters, are now able to answer questions on any topic, generate new ideas and pass final university examinations with high marks. I will show examples of a few such models, talk about their capabilities and emergent properties. The ability of Large Language Models to recruit specialized software, including Wolfram language for mathematics, has greatly expanded the power of ChatGPT's, bringing us closer to the Artificial General Intelligence.How will this development impact scientific research? Will human intelligence be overtaken by artificial intellignece, and if so, how soon? Is machine consciousness and sentience possible?
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2023-05-08 (Poniedziałek)
Dr Darko Donevski (Astrophysics Division, NCBJ, Warsaw and SISSA, Trieste)
Galaxies in the early universe with the James Webb Space Telescope
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is the largest spacetelescope ever launched, and it is a giant leap forward in our quest to understand the universe. The JWST has already opened a new discovery space in extragalactic astronomy by revealing hundreds of distant galaxies rich in stars and dust. The detection of dust is particularly important, as dust grains host the production of molecular hydrogen, the primary fuel for star formation. As many of these gigantic galaxies are observed within the first 700 million years after the Big Bang, their abundance challenges theoretical models and opens many questions on the formation of matter in the early universe. In this colloquium, I will overview the first results and big science questions related to the origin of the most distant galaxies observed with JWST.
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2023-04-03 (Poniedziałek)
Dr hab. Barbara Piętka (Faculty of Physics, Unversity of Warsaw)
From Bose-Einstein condensates of polaritons to optical neurons
Bose-Einstein condensation is a phenomenon of a degenerate gas of bosons. For long time this branch of physics has been reserved for cold atoms. Since the realization of half-light-half-matter quasiparticles in optical cavities, so called exciton-polaritons, Bose-Einstein condensates can be observed at room temperature. Exciton-polaritons (in short polaritons) are quasiparticles resulting from coupling of light to an excitation in an optically active material. Polaritons can be formed in a wide range of materials from semiconductors to dielectrics filled with polymers, proteins or perovskites.
Polariton condensation is a non-linear process that is accompanied with strong laser-like emission from the cavity. This effect occurs at the ps timescale and at single pJ in pulse energy, making this system ideal to implement fast and energy efficient photonic data processing. I’ll discuss how this nonlinearity can be used for computation that mimic the operation of a human brain. I’ll show that optical microcavities in the strong light-matter coupling regime can behave as optical neurons.
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Obejrzyj nagranie / Watch the video
Polariton condensation is a non-linear process that is accompanied with strong laser-like emission from the cavity. This effect occurs at the ps timescale and at single pJ in pulse energy, making this system ideal to implement fast and energy efficient photonic data processing. I’ll discuss how this nonlinearity can be used for computation that mimic the operation of a human brain. I’ll show that optical microcavities in the strong light-matter coupling regime can behave as optical neurons.
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Obejrzyj nagranie / Watch the video
2023-03-06 (Poniedziałek)
Andrzej Dragan (Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw)
Superluminal extension of special relativity
According to quantum theory spontaneous decays of particles are fundamentally indeterministic, i.e. their exact moments cannot be predicted in advance. The double-slit experiment reveals that microscopical objects behave as if they were moving along multiple paths at once. These peculiar features of reality have intrigued physicists since the early XX century.
I will argue that the fundamental randomness and superpositions present in the heart of quantum theory have a source in a much simpler theory: special relativity extended to superluminal observers. Contrary to common beliefs, including superluminal frames of reference and particles in special relativity is possible in a fully consistent manner and it does not lead to any logical paradoxes. Instead, it disturbs the laws of causality in a way that is already known from the quantum theory. Therefore I will argue that some of the most intriguing aspects of quantum theory can be understood as a direct consequence of relativity.
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Obejrzyj nagranie / Watch the video
I will argue that the fundamental randomness and superpositions present in the heart of quantum theory have a source in a much simpler theory: special relativity extended to superluminal observers. Contrary to common beliefs, including superluminal frames of reference and particles in special relativity is possible in a fully consistent manner and it does not lead to any logical paradoxes. Instead, it disturbs the laws of causality in a way that is already known from the quantum theory. Therefore I will argue that some of the most intriguing aspects of quantum theory can be understood as a direct consequence of relativity.
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2023-01-09 (Poniedziałek)
Prof.dr hab. Leszek Zasztowt (Centre for East European Studies, University of Warsaw and Polish Academy of Sciences, PAN)
Ukraine – between Poland and Russia. A Russian narrative
In a situation where the eyes of the world are focused on the heroic defense of Ukraine against aggression of Russia, I will try to answer the question why the Kremlin does not recognize Ukraine as state, and Ukrainians as a nation. I will discuss and outline the history of this country from ancient times to the present: the beginnings of Christianity, the times of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the enslavement and denial of Ukrainian identity under the scepter of imperial Russia, the extermination of the Ukrainian people and the Ukrainian intelligentsia during the Soviet era. Main question remains: why the Kremlin decided to kill Ukrainian nation?
About lecturer:
Leszek Zasztowt works at the Center for East European Studies at the University of Warsaw, and is a professor emeritus in the L.& A. Birkenmajer Institute for the History of Science, Polish Academy of Sciences. He specializes in the history of Central and Eastern Europe and Russia. Author of numerous books on the history of Europe and Russia and concerning the history of Polish and European science and letters in the 19th and 20th centuries.
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About lecturer:
Leszek Zasztowt works at the Center for East European Studies at the University of Warsaw, and is a professor emeritus in the L.& A. Birkenmajer Institute for the History of Science, Polish Academy of Sciences. He specializes in the history of Central and Eastern Europe and Russia. Author of numerous books on the history of Europe and Russia and concerning the history of Polish and European science and letters in the 19th and 20th centuries.
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2022-12-19 (Poniedziałek)
dr hab. Wiktor Lewandowski (Wydziału Chemii, Uniwersytet Warszawski)
Rekonfigurowalne i chiralne nanomateriały ciekłokrystaliczne do technologii fotonicznych
W ciągu ostatnich dwóch dekad postęp nanotechnologii otworzył bezprecedensowe możliwości wytwarzania i manipulowania światłem. Jest to szczególnie istotne w kontekście wizjonerskich artykułów z początku XXI wieku wiążą przyszłość technologii informatycznych czy telekomunikacyjnych z wykorzystaniem nanomateriałów. Aby w pełni wykorzystać ten potencjał, niezbędna jest umiejętność kontrolowania i dopasowywania struktury nanomateriałów do konkretnych zastosowań. W tym kontekście niezwykle inspirujące są przykłady skóry kameleona czy skrzydeł niektórych chrząszczy, w których precyzyjne i rekonfigurowalne rozmieszczenie elementów budulcowych przekłada się na fascynujące właściwości optyczne.Nasze badania w tym zakresie polegają na połączeniu nanomateriałów silnie oddziałujących ze światłem (nanocząstki metali i materiałów półprzewodnikowych), ze strukturami zapewniającymi porządek i zdolność rekonfiguracji (związki organiczne o właściwościach ciekłokrystalicznych). Innowacyjność prowadzonych badań związana jest ze zrozumieniem jak projektować tego typu kompozyty, tak, aby struktury uporządkowane tworzyły się spontanicznie, podczas obróbki termicznej materiału. Dzięki temu podejściu udało się uzyskać pierwszy rekonfigurowalny film zbudowany z nanocząstek, który wykazywał właściwości metamateriałowe [1], a także precyzyjnie określić jego budowę [2] i określić parametry wpływające na jego trwałość [3]. Istotnym osiągnięciem było także uzyskanie nanomateriału o hierarchicznej, helikalnej budowie, którego struktura może być zmieniana bez użycia rozpuszczalników [4]. Uzyskaliśmy także bezpośrednie dowody na łamanie symetrii optycznej w układach heliakalnych [5,6], w których uzyskujemy włókna o tej samej (lewej bądź prawej) skrętności i wskazaliśmy jak projektować związki organiczne tak, aby kontrolować skok helis [7].Podsumowując, prowadzone nad nanomateriałami badania łączą umiejętności planowania architektury molekularnej związków organicznych, ich syntezy, otrzymania nanocząstek metalicznych i półprzewodnikowych, połączenie tych komponentów, a obejmują także szczegółową analizę fizykochemiczną uzyskiwanych struktur. Łatwość przeskalowania syntezy, możliwość wykorzystania różnych typów nanocząstek, a także niezwykle precyzyjnie kontrolowana struktura nanomateriałów powoduje, że opracowana metoda nie tylko poszerza naszą wiedzę podstawową z zakresu nanomateriałów inspirowanych naturą, ale także odpowiada na niektóre z wyzwań stojących przed nanomateriałami do zastosowań fotonicznych.[1] Nature Communications, 2015, 6, 6590.[2] ACS Nano, 2021, 15, 4916–4926.[3] Chemistry of Materials, 2018, 30, 8201–8210.[4] Advanced Materials, 2020, 32, 1904581.[5] ACS Nano, 2020, 14, 12918–12928.[6] Adv. Funct. Mater., 2022, 32, 2111280.[7] Chem. Commun., 2022,58, 7364-7367.
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2022-11-21 (Poniedziałek)
Prof.dr hab. Andrzej Kajetan Wróblewski (Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw)
70 years ago at Hoża 69
Exactly 70 years ago, in the autumn of 1952, two little known employees of the University of Warsaw physics centre at Hoża 69: an electrical engineer Marian Danysz, and freshly promoted Ph.D. Jerzy Pniewski, announced a surprising discovery that atomic nuclei may contain not only protons and neutrons but also quite mysterious entities called V-particles. It was the beginning of hypernuclear physics which became a flourishing branch of nuclear physics. As the last living witness of those events I shall present some original documents and an account of what appeared to be the most important experimental discovery in the history of Warsaw university physics.
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2022-10-24 (Poniedziałek)
prof. Marek Żukowski (International Centre for Quantum Technologies, University of Gdańsk)
2022 Nobel Prize in Physics
The talk will cover the developments which led to the 2022 Nobelprize. Brief resume on the EPR-paradox, Bell's comment on that.Clauser's better Bell inequalities, proposal of an experiment, andthe first experiment. Aspect masterpiece versions of Clauserexperiments.The mood of the times. Reemergence of interest in Bell-type photoncorrelations. Loopholes in experiments. Down-conversion as the workhorse in optical Bell experiments.G-H-Zeilinger correlations. Entanglement swapping as the path toobservable multiphoton entanglement/interference. Birth of quantuminformation science. Innsbruck teleportation experiment. PostScriptum: 2015-2017 loophole free Bell experiments.